#Exploring hominin data
This is a version of data for my Human Evolution course next Fall. Wanted to spend the first day showing some data and talking about how we can visualize hominin evolution.
##interactive plot
Below is a scatterplot of the cranial capacity of various hominin species (species designation taken from referenced sources. Your mileage may vary as to whether these are true species or not…). Age is in millions of years. Mouse over to see info (update coming with more interactive features).
##boxplot
Boxplot of the cranial capacities:
##Ridge plot
The graph below is a ridge plot, which is a density plot aligned on a horizontal scale.
##Data
here is the main data used to make the above figures
| Specimen | Speices | Cranial_capacity | Age_in_MA | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AL 162–28 | Australopithecus afarensis | 400 | 3.18 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| AL 288–1 | Australopithecus afarensis | 387 | 3 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| AL 333–45 | Australopithecus afarensis | 485 | 3.18 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| AL 333–105 | Australopithecus afarensis | 400 | 3.18 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| AL 444–2 | Australopithecus afarensis | 550 | 3 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| KNM-ER406 | Australopithecus boisei | 500 | 1.5 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| KNM-ER407 | Australopithecus boisei | 510 | 1.85 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| KNM-ER732 | Australopithecus boisei | 500 | 1.7 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| KNM-WT 13750 | Australopithecus boisei | 475 | 1.7 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| KGA-10-525 | Australopithecus boisei | 545 | 1.4 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| OH5 | Australopithecus boisei | 520 | 1.8 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| MLD 1 | Australopithecus africanus | 510 | 3.1 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| MLD 37/38 | Australopithecus africanus | 425 | 3.1 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| Sts 5 | Australopithecus africanus | 485 | 2.5 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| Sts 19 | Australopithecus africanus | 436 | 2.5 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| Sts 60 | Australopithecus africanus | 400 | 2.5 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| Sts 71 | Australopithecus africanus | 428 | 2.5 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| StW 505 | Australopithecus africanus | 505 | 2.6 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| DH1 | Homo naledi | 560 | 0.25 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| DH3 | Homo naledi | 465 | 0.25 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| LES1 | Homo naledi | 610 | 0.25 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| KNM-ER 1805 | Homo habilis | 582 | 1.85 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| KNM-ER 1813 | Homo habilis | 509 | 1.88 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| O.H. 7 | Homo habilis | 729 | 1.8 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| O.H. 13 | Homo habilis | 650 | 1.5 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| O.H. 16 | Homo habilis | 638 | 1.7 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| O.H. 24 | Homo habilis | 590 | 1.8 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| KNM-ER 1470 | Homo rudolfensis | 752 | 1.88 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| KNM-ER 1590 | Homo rudolfensis | 825 | 1.85 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| KNM-ER 3732 | Homo rudolfensis | 750 | 1.88 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| BOU-VP-2/66 | Homo erectus | 995 | 1 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| D2280 | Homo erectus | 730 | 1.7 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| D2282 | Homo erectus | 650 | 1.7 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| D2700 | Homo erectus | 601 | 1.7 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| D3444 | Homo erectus | 625 | 1.7 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| D4500 | Homo erectus | 546 | 1.7 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| KNM-ER 3733 | Homo erectus | 848 | 1.78 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| KNM-ER 3883 | Homo erectus | 804 | 1.57 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| KNM-ER 42700 | Homo erectus | 691 | 1.55 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| KNM-WT 15000 | Homo erectus | 900 | 1.5 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| O.H. 9 | Homo erectus | 1067 | 1.4 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| O.H. 12 | Homo erectus | 727 | .78-1.2 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| Sangiran 2 | Homo erectus | 813 | 1.5 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| Sangiran 3 | Homo erectus | 950 | 1 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Sangiran 4 | Homo erectus | 908 | 1.6 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| Sangiran 10 | Homo erectus | 855 | 1.2 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Sangiran 12 | Homo erectus | 1059 | 1.1 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Sangiran 17 | Homo erectus | 1004 | 1.3 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| Sangiran IX | Homo erectus | 845 | 1.1-1.14 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Zhoukoudian DI | Homo erectus | 915 | 0.58 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| Zhoukoudian LI (10) | Homo erectus | 1225 | 0.42 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| Zhoukoudian LII | Homo erectus | 1015 | 0.42 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| Zhoukoudian LIII | Homo erectus | 1030 | 0.42 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| Zhoukoudian 5 | Homo erectus | 1140 | 0.3 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Ngandong 1 | Homo erectus | 1172 | .143-.546 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| Ngandong 5 | Homo erectus | 1251 | .143-.546 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| Ngandong 6 | Homo erectus | 1013 | .143-.546 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| Ngandong 9 | Homo erectus | 1135 | .143-.546 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| Ngandong 10 | Homo erectus | 1231 | .143-.546 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| Ngandong 11 | Homo erectus | 1090 | .143-.546 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| Trinil | Homo erectus | 940 | 0.9 | Hawks et al. 2017 |
| UA 31 | Homo erectus | 775 | .78-1.0 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Hexian | Homo erectus | 1025 | 0.412 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Gongwang 1 | Homo erectus | 780 | 0.7 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Nanjing 1 | Homo erectus | 876 | .580- .620 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Narmada | Homo erectus | 1260 | 0.236 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Sale | Homo erectus | 880 | 0.24 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Sambungmacan 1 | Homo erectus | 1035 | 0.8 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Sambungmacan 3 | Homo erectus | 1006 | 0.4 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Sambungmacan 4 | Homo erectus | 813 | 0.8 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Yunxian 1 | Homo erectus | 1200 | 0.4 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Atapuerca 4 | Homo antecessor | 1390 | .53-.6 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Atapuerca 5 | Homo antecessor | 1125 | .53-.6 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Atapuerca 6 | Homo antecessor | 1140 | .53-.6 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Arago 21 | Homo heidelbergensis | 1166 | 0.4 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Biache | Homo heidelbergensis | 1200 | .16-.19 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Bodo | Homo heidelbergensis | 1250 | 0.6 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Ceprano | Homo heidelbergensis | 1165 | 0.8 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Dali 1 | Homo heidelbergensis | 1120 | 0.209 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Ehringsdorf | Homo heidelbergensis | 1450 | 0.23 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Jinniushan | Homo heidelbergensis | 1390 | 0.28 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Kabwe (Broken Hill ) | Homo heidelbergensis | 1325 | 0.18 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Le Lazaret | Homo heidelbergensis | 1250 | 0.13 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Ndutu | Homo heidelbergensis | 1100 | 0.4 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Petralona | Homo heidelbergensis | 1230 | 0.21 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Reilingen | Homo heidelbergensis | 1430 | 0.2 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Saldanha (Elandsfontein) | Homo heidelbergensis | 1225 | 0.5 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Sale | Homo heidelbergensis | 880 | 0.4 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Steinheim | Homo heidelbergensis | 1200 | 0.225 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Swanscombe | Homo heidelbergensis | 1325 | 0.25 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Amud 1 | Neandertal | 1740 | 0.041 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Feldhofer | Neandertal | 1525 | 0.04 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Ganovce | Neandertal | 1320 | 0.09 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Gibraltar (Forbe’s Quarry) | Neandertal | 1200 | 0.05 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Krapina 3 (Cranium C) | Neandertal | 1255 | 0.13 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Krapina 6 (Cranium E) | Neandertal | 1205 | 0.13 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Krapina B | Neandertal | 1450 | 0.13 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| La Chapelle aux Saints | Neandertal | 1625 | 0.05 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| a Ferrassie | Neandertal | 1640 | .06-.075 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| La Quina 5 | Neandertal | 1172 | 0.065 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Le Moustier | Neandertal | 1565 | 0.041 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Monte Circco ( Guattari 1) | Neandertal | 1360 | 0.052 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Neanderthal | Neandertal | 1525 | 0.04 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Saccopastore 1 | Neandertal | 1245 | 0.125 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Saccopastore 2 | Neandertal | 1300 | 0.125 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Shanidar 1 | Neandertal | 1600 | 0.06 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Shanidar 5 | Neandertal | 1550 | 0.06 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Skhul1 | Neandertal | 1450 | 0.1 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Skhul4 | Neandertal | 1554 | 0.1 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Skhul 5 | Neandertal | 1520 | 0.1 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Skhu l 9 | Neandertal | 1590 | 0.1 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Spy I | Neandertal | 1305 | 0.068 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Spy II | Neandertal | 1553 | 0.068 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Tabun 1 | Neandertal | 1271 | .070-.080 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Abri Pataud 1 | Homo sapiens | 1380 | 0.022 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Arene Candide 1 | Homo sapiens | 1414 | 0.023 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Arene Candide 2 | Homo sapiens | 1424 | 0.023 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Arene Candide 4 | Homo sapiens | 1520 | 0.023 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Arene Candide 5 | Homo sapiens | 1661 | 0.023 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Border Cave | Homo sapiens | 1510 | 0.07 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Brno I | Homo sapiens | 1600 | 0.026 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Brno II | Homo sapiens | 1500 | 0.026 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Brno III | Homo sapiens | 1304 | 0.026 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Bruniquel 2 | Homo sapiens | 1555 | NA | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Cap Blanc 1 | Homo sapiens | 1434 | NA | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Chancelade | Homo sapiens | 1530 | 0.012 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Combe Capelle | Homo sapiens | 1570 | 0.028 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Coobol Creek | Homo sapiens | 1444 | 0.012 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Cro-Magnon l | Homo sapiens | 1730 | 0.03 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Cro-Magnon 3 | Homo sapiens | 1590 | 0.03 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Dolni Vestonice 3 | Homo sapiens | 1285 | 0.0275 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Dolni Vestonice 14 | Homo sapiens | 1538 | 0.0275 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Dolni Vestonice 18 | Homo sapiens | 1481 | 0.0275 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Dolni Vestonice 20 | Homo sapiens | 1547 | 0.0275 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Dolni Vestonice 21 | Homo sapiens | 1378 | 0.0275 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Grone des Infants 4 | Homo sapiens | 1775 | 0.028 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Grone des Infants 5 | Homo sapiens | 1375 | 0.028 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Grone des Infants 6 | Homo sapiens | 1580 | 0.028 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Keilor | Homo sapiens | 1497 | 0.012 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| KNM-ES 11693 (Eliye | Homo sapiens | 1300 | .20-.30 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Kostenki 14 | Homo sapiens | 1222 | NA | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Kostenki 2 | Homo sapiens | 1605 | 0.02 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Laetoli 18 | Homo sapiens | 1367 | 0.12 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Liujiang | Homo sapiens | 1480 | 0.04 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Minatogawa 1 | Homo sapiens | 1390 | 0.018 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Minatogawa 2 | Homo sapiens | 1170 | 0.018 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Minatogawa 4 | Homo sapiens | 1090 | 0.018 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Mladec 1 | Homo sapiens | 1540 | 0.03 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Mladec 2 | Homo sapiens | 1390 | 0.03 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Mladec 5 | Homo sapiens | 1650 | 0.03 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Nazlet Khater 2 | Homo sapiens | 1420 | 0.037 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Obercassel 1 | Homo sapiens | 1500 | 0.012 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Obercassel 2 | Homo sapiens | 1370 | 0.012 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Omo 2 (Kibbish) | Homo sapiens | 1435 | 0.12 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Pavlov 1 | Homo sapiens | 1472 | 0.026 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Predmosti 3 | Homo sapiens | 1580 | 0.026 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Predmosti 4 | Homo sapiens | 1250 | 0.026 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Predmosti 9 | Homo sapiens | 1555 | 0.026 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Predmosti 10 | Homo sapiens | 1452 | 0.026 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Qafzeh 6 | Homo sapiens | 1568 | 0.09 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Qafzeh 9 | Homo sapiens | 1531 | 0.09 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| San Teodoro 1 | Homo sapiens | 1565 | 0.011 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| San Teodoro 2 | Homo sapiens | 1569 | 0.011 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| San Teodoro 3 | Homo sapiens | 1560 | 0.011 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| San Teodoro 5 | Homo sapiens | 1484 | 0.011 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| San Teodoro 7 | Homo sapiens | 1500 | 0.011 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Singa 1 | Homo sapiens | 1550 | 0.133 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| St. Germain-la-Rivie | Homo sapiens | 1354 | 0.015 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Sungir 1 | Homo sapiens | 1464 | 0.024 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Sungir 2 | Homo sapiens | 1267 | 0.024 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Sungir 3 | Homo sapiens | 1361 | 0.024 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Sungir 5 | Homo sapiens | 1453 | 0.024 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Veyrier 1 | Homo sapiens | 1430 | 0.01 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Wadjak 1 | Homo sapiens | 1539 | 0.015 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Wadjak 2 | Homo sapiens | 1650 | 0.015 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Willandra Lakes | Homo sapiens | 1540 | .018-.012 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Yinkou (Jinniushan) | Homo sapiens | 1390 | 0.13 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Zhoukoudian (Upper Cave) 1 | Homo sapiens | 1500 | 0.015 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Zhoukoudjan (Upper Cave) 2 | Homo sapiens | 1380 | 0.015 | Schoenemann 2013 |
| Zhoukoudian (Upper Cave) 3 | Homo sapiens | 1290 | 0.015 | Schoenemann 2013 |
Here is the mean cranial capacity by species for the above data:
| Species_2 | mean(Cranial_capacity) |
|---|---|
| Australopithecus afarensis | 444.4000 |
| Australopithecus africanus | 455.5714 |
| Australopithecus boisei | 508.3333 |
| Homo antecessor | 1218.3333 |
| Homo erectus | 937.1951 |
| Homo habilis | 616.3333 |
| Homo heidelbergensis | 1231.6250 |
| Homo naledi | 545.0000 |
| Homo rudolfensis | 775.6667 |
| Homo sapiens | 1466.7424 |
| Neandertal | 1438.3333 |
##details
Part of this project was to learn how to better use the Tidyverse to help teach students about hominin fossils. This was made using R with the Tidyverse, ggridges, kableExtra, and blogdown packages. For the R code (which I’m sure is not as straightforward as it could be….) click here